The year ‘oughtness’ met ‘isness’

I’ve been struggling to find the words to describe what 2010 has been like for me until I worked my way through Revival by Richard Wolffe. Covering the first two years of the Obama presidency, the book is a sequel to Renegade, Wolffe’s coverage of Obama’s historic election.

The book confronts the early failures of the Obama White House — both real and perceived — particularly when it comes to the long and arduous fight to reform health care. More importantly, it explores Obama’s path to redemption as he worked his way from losing his identity as the anti-Washington outsider to recovering the spirit of hope and change he deftly carried during the campaign.

Obama has always been a hero of mine, and in a way I’ve always felt that my fortunes were tied to his. This is an ironic thing to say since I’m not so big on hero worship — at least until the right one came along.

For the most part I’ve been mum whenever he was on the ropes. When the critics called for his demise and the news that filtered into the Philippine press is that he has become quite unpopular in the States, I just kept quiet. I didn’t defend him. Silently, I questioned him but fervently, I held on to hope. I relate so much to his story, his life, and his belief about politics and change, that any failing on his part was an opportunity for me to question my own. And ask I did.

Hence it was quite enlightening to read that throughout most of the protracted health care fight, Obama and his team didn’t feel entirely in control. Split between two factions within the White House — the Revivalists who wanted to channel the positive spirit of the campaign and the Survivalists who wanted Obama to master the Washington game and survive for eight years — Obama constantly oscillated between the two.

However thinking that getting his hands dirty on policy — and hence politics — was what passing health care required, he swung towards the side of the Survivalists. Securing votes became his priority; he struck deals and focused on committees, all the while neglecting to communicate and explain what he’s doing to the public. Even I found it ironic at that time — that a man who relied so much on big moments during the campaign played it really small during the health care fight.

The tipping point came when a series of letters from ordinary Americans found its way to Obama’s desk, and one particularly stood out. It was about a woman who was about to lose the house she was born in because she had to pay for the 40% increase in the premiums for her health care plan. This infuriated Obama; it turned out that companies nationwide were doing the same thing. Obama then channeled the spirit of 2008. He began going back to town halls. He held televised talks and forums. He targeted the Democratic congressmen whose votes he needed. He appealed to their better angels through epic speeches. Health care was ultimately passed and signed in to law.

What gripped me throughout the book was Obama’s struggle with himself. To everyone, he never seemed to be fazed by anything. He paid incredible attention to detail, read widely, and had a great sense of what everyone thought of him and how he did his job but without letting his own feelings and reactions out on the table. He was a man constantly aware of himself and where he was between idealism and realism, between the world that he wanted to create and the world that he had to confront as president.

Perhaps the clearest example of this inner struggle can be seen in how he tentatively rose up to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. It wasn’t an award he wanted, and in the first days of his awarding it felt more like a cross to bear to Golgotha. In this highlight from his acceptance speech, he begins to close his talk by bridging the gap between the non-violence practiced by the likes of Gandhi and King and the reality of war.

We do not have to think that human nature is perfect for us to still believe that the human condition can be perfected. We do not have to live in an idealized world to still reach for those ideals that will make it a better place. The non-violence practiced by men like Gandhi and King may not have been practical or possible in every circumstance, but the love that they preached – their faith in human progress – must always be the North Star that guides us on our journey.

For if we lose that faith – if we dismiss it as silly or naïve; if we divorce it from the decisions that we make on issues of war and peace – then we lose what is best about humanity. We lose our sense of possibility. We lose our moral compass.

Like generations have before us, we must reject that future. As Dr. King said at this occasion so many years ago, “I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the ‘isness’ of man’s present nature makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal ‘oughtness’ that forever confronts him.”

For majority of 2010, I have been on Survivalist mode. This isn’t a bad thing of course. Through the years I’ve learned to work with the system and I’m now at that point where I can make it work for me. But I realize now that I may not be doing so much to fundamentally change it. I used to reject it; I used to deny the false choices that it gave me. Right now I feel that I need to recover some of the Revivalist spirit that brought me to this place. In a year of ‘isness’, I’ve missed the wild and unpredictable ‘oughtness’ — it still haunts me, and I know I’ll have to confront it.

By this of course I refer not just to the work I do every day, but to something that has long been my North Star even before I started teaching. What that is though, I’ll keep with me. Over the past year I’ve come to rediscover Confucius, and of all the lines I can recite off the top of my head, this alone haunts me — “The exemplary person first accomplishes what they are going to do, and only then say it.”

Perhaps in that line too is a clue of where my North points to.

Why Superman

Students often tell me that they can’t imagine me as a kid. I guess it must be my size — it is hard to imagine me as small. Some are polite and suggest that it’s because of how I think. “Sir, have you ever been angsty, emo, or shallow?” You bet.

But they actually miss the most obvious sign, the clearest hint of what I could have been like. It’s staring them at the face whenever they talk to me; they can even see it glint from a distance. That Superman pendant I wear stands for exactly what it is — Superman. He’s been with me since I was a little boy, and clearly he’s an imaginary friend I haven’t really outgrown.

Continue reading

The Three-Point Lecture: Bringing Magis into the PSHS

Delivered to students of the Ateneo Manila High School for KLIK 2010. The actual speech I gave was a condensed version of what follows. It was a challenging speech to deliver and one thing I took away is that an Ateneo crowd is very different from a Pisay one; apparently, I’ve been in Pisay for too long now.

Before I begin, I’d like to make a preface or two.

First, this turned out to be a surprisingly tricky talk to write. I’ve spoken to principals, teachers old and new, and this has been by far the most challenging one to prepare. And the question for me hasn’t been about where to begin – it’s about what the heck do I talk about at all. I can imagine that listening to another teacher talk for your alternative class day isn’t the most thrilling idea in the world. Neither am I prepared to be that guy who will reveal all our teaching tips, tricks, and secrets to students – though that would be an interesting talk indeed.

Second preface. But as I reflect on my breezy and effortless acceptance of the invitation to speak here today, I realize that this talk shouldn’t be difficult at all. In many ways, it is like coming home. It was 1996. I was a 13-year old high school student attending his own KLIK – just like you. I listened to a career talk on lawyering and I found it pretty good. That’s how I ended up with a Political Science degree, though I clearly ended up as something else. Therefore, this talk isn’t some call to arms. Our country needs more and better teachers, yes, but this isn’t going to be a career talk.

Thus, what to expect this morning? Given now that I’m not dispelling the secrets of the dark arts, or that I’m not rallying you to choose a certain career path, what do I hope to achieve? I’m told that the theme of this year’s KLIK is Balik-bayan and that these sessions should make you think a little deeper about how you can give back to society. That’s precisely what I intend to do today. Perhaps, my talk will make you see your teachers a little differently. That would be nice. But the most I’m hoping for is that you get to see yourselves a little differently too.

The title of my talk is very simple – The Three-Point Lecture. It’s up to you whether to take it literally or figuratively, but if you ask me it doesn’t really leave much to the imagination. I’m keeping it simple. There are no conjectures, postulates, and theories to consider today. I’ll keep the statistics, the formal studies, and the intellectual giants at bay. Just three points to remember. But behind each point is a little story. So let’s begin.

First off, I’d like to get a feel of the room. How many here are in first year? In second year (that’s the level I teach, by the way)? Where are the juniors? Finally how about the seniors?

Let me talk to the seniors for a bit. You guys are graduating in a few months. I don’t know if you’ve heard of this bug that’s been going around. Symptoms include anxiety over the future, regret over all the time you’ve lost in the past four years, and the unstoppable urge to just get things over and done with. I’ve heard it called senioritis. At once it was called the senior syndrome.

We had a case of this about two weeks back. It was the week before exams (which we had last week so we’re on break now) and something broke out in Facebook – yes, apparently that is where everything happens now. A student wrote a note that spread through the community pretty quickly. Everyone who saw it liked it, and the author received tons of comments. After all, when you’re one of the most popular and most well-respected students in campus, and you write an apology to the school, you’re bound to get attention.

But this is nothing controversial, mind you. She just happened to echo exactly what all the other seniors felt at the time, and she was able to say it in a way that inspired everyone to persevere and endure their last few months as seniors. What was she sorry about? That despite her best effort and her most noble intentions, she felt that she wasn’t good enough for the school. She felt defeated, tired, and that the pursuit of excellence was becoming a prayer she could no longer answer. She concluded that perhaps, she won’t be the scholar that the school wanted. But she redeemed herself by saying that what she learned goes beyond what the system has dictated she must learn. She may not be the best at calculus, she confessed, but she has had more than her fair share of honest math. She has been a person of honor, of passion, of effort, and of cause. She may not be a scientist, she thinks, but she has become something more.

I was one of the people she tagged in her initial note.

By the time I got around to reading it, it was already flooded with comments and there were exchanges about whether she is being too idealistic or not. They argue that eventually, she will have to measure up somewhere if she ever wants to be something in this world. I didn’t want to join in the debate. I stepped back and I wrote my own note too.

“An Apology to Our Students” the note went. Because I feel that whenever a student feels defeated or lost, teachers are partly to blame. But I thought about this for a while. What could I apologize for exactly?

For sure, I am not sorry for making them work hard. If ever they feel that they had to study to survive my class, so be it. I will not apologize for making them lose sleep or sacrifice their holidays. I will not apologize for the extremely high standards and expectations I’ve set. And what the joy, sadness or anger they feel whenever they see their grades are irrelevant to me – they get what they give. As I always tell new teachers, so long as you do your job well, there is nothing to apologize for.

But I know that doesn’t get me – or any teacher – off the hook.

In the same manner that students can argue that their grades don’t completely measure who they are, we teachers know that our jobs aren’t completely measured by how many exams we give, what percent of the course outline we accomplish, or what grades you guys ultimately get. We know, at an instinctive level, that what matters is that you discover who you are, that you come to realize your talents, and that you become persons of integrity, character, and purpose.

Thus we teachers should apologize if you feel that you haven’t been listened to. I apologize if I hurt you with what I said; I’d really like to know what you think. I apologize if I didn’t give you that opportunity to lead, let me make it up to you in the next activity. Is this task a little too much for you? Tell me how I can be of help to you. I’m sorry if I didn’t trust you; I am glad that you’ve proven me wrong.

In the hustle and bustle of high school life, we often forget that a lot of teachers signed up for largely idealistic reasons. We were all brought to this place in the hopes of changing the world, leaving our mark, and paving the way to a better future.

This is point number one: Students don’t have a monopoly on idealism. Teachers are dreamers too. (That’s point one. Let it explode in your mind for a bit.)

When the quizzes, long tests, and essays all pile up waiting to be checked. When meetings, conferences, and summits begin to crowd the schedule. When the students have a bad day and only insist on their way. When all these things happen it’s so easy for a teacher – for anyone, really – to succumb to the real world. The stress, the problems, the low salaries – these are all real. It’s a good thing teachers are dreamers too.

And this leads me to point number two: Being idealistic is hard work.

That may sound strange, so let me explain.

Two years ago, I was assigned as the Batch Adviser of the then 2nd year batch, 2011. Looking back now, it was an excellent school year all-around. As Batch Adviser I was in charge of handling events like the field trip, the family day, and other stuff such as outreach activities, parties, and what have you. I was a facilitator mostly, and I was responsible for keeping the batch council, the year level teachers, and the parents all working towards the good of the batch.

It was a pretty good year. The batch set an ambitious goal: a SophNight at the end of the year and a field trip to Mt. Pinatubo. Quite ambitious. But I implemented pay-as-you-go rules: if you want something, you have to work for it. I taught the batch council to be smart with their finances, that they can only spend if they get to raise, and that I don’t want anyone to ever feel left behind due to financial reasons. The batch, and I love them for this, stepped up. We had an incredibly successful Christmas fundraiser that would help subsidize the costs of our field trip and our SophNight. For a public school where requiring collections was prohibited, the batch was really able to come together. The batch, moreover, had purpose and resolve.

And then tragedy struck.

Our activities were scheduled to culminate the year in March, then the administration at that time decided to change the rules last minute. Due to a deep misunderstanding within the first year PTA council, the administration decided to change the rules last minute. The freshmen, like us, were scheduled to have their activities to end the year. However, a query from one parent on issues of collection and safety was blown out of proportion (suffice to say the person didn’t come through proper channels) and gripped the attention of the admin. At one point, the parent demanded clarity and threatened that heads will roll if she didn’t get her answers. This caused some in the administration to adopt a more conservative and protectionist stance. Henceforth, all activities scheduled for March were cancelled, and furthermore, prohibited. In the desire to contain the troubles caused by some in the first year, the admin deemed that the fair solution to everyone concerned was to disallow any extracurricular activities. It didn’t matter that our batch had nothing to do with the conflict and had everything ironed out. Fair is fair.

Those were the darkest days for me. Our school is great that it allows for teachers to pursue their own initiatives, though support can be spotty from time to time. But this was probably the worst case. Their decision killed me. At one point, I was ready to resign. All the advice I got was to just play by their rules and wait for things to blow over. There was one alternative but it was so crazy nobody has ever tried it: to push through with the activities regardless and be the sole one responsible for whatever may come out of it. The parents, teachers, and students were torn, but they were in agreement if that if ever we defy the admin, it won’t be my head on the platter. Those were the darkest days, and there was no light in sight.

During that time, we were already wrapping up our classes. It was the last week of regular classes before the final exams and it was at this point that teachers were beginning to say farewell to their classes. But I had nothing else in my mind than the turmoil that struck our batch. And then someone asked me a question on my way back from lunch. “Sir, I know you’re busy but there’s something bothering me.” He began. “Sir, is it true that as a person grows older he becomes more practical? He loses his ideals?”

I paused. The first pause I had all week. “Where is this coming from?”

“I’m just afraid that when I grow older, I’ll forget these things I want to do for the country.”

What do I say to that? I politely thanked him for his question and promised that I’ll get back to it. Truth be told, I had too much on my mind to really mull over his question but then it overtook me. It consumed me. I couldn’t escape it. Soon enough, it was the only question on my mind and everything else seemed secondary. Somehow, I felt that the solution to my problem was in my answer to his question.

So in the last day of my Asian Studies classes that year, I gave him my answer.

“The other day, class, someone asked me the most important question ever. It’s a Question with a capital Q – Is it true that as one grows older he becomes more practical and less idealistic?” I began. And I said:

Don’t for one second think that it is bad to be practical. There is nothing wrong with wanting a big house, a flashy car, innumerable foreign trips, and your first million before you hit thirty. There is nothing wrong with that. And many people have lived meaningful lives, full of friends and family, in aspiring for goals such as those. But what I do request – no, hope – for is that if ever you feel called to be something else, to do something else, and to answer to an aspiration higher than yourself, don’t ignore it. Give it a chance. Figure out what it is saying. And if you end up believing in it, then never let it go.

Just know this: it’s going to be difficult.

There will be many who will say “No, you can’t.” “Don’t bother.” “It’s not worth it.” But dealing with the naysayers is easy compared to comprehending the amount of sacrifice required to stand up for what you believe in. Just don’t give up. Being idealistic is a lot of hard work.

After that it became clear to me what I had to do. We ended up defying the admin. I rallied everyone together. The parents and the teachers gave their full support to make our SophNight happen outside school. We pursued our contract with Lakbay Kalikasan and carried on to Mt. Pinatubo. Throughout the activities we pursued the most thorough precautions possible. Everyone was on board on a purely voluntary basis, no one who felt uneasy was compelled to join. Above all, the parents, teachers, and students all took responsibility and liability for themselves and each other.

Maybe you’re curious what happened to me. Well, let’s just say that the administrator who instigated the thumbs down is now retired, and right now I am serving my second year as Batch Adviser. I’ll let the facts speak for themselves.
But to the admin I made it abundantly clear that they must never underestimate their teachers. We love our students, and we work insanely hard – especially those among us who want to keep the dream alive.

And now I reach my third and final point. First, a review.

Point one: Students don’t have a monopoly on idealism for teachers are dreamers too.

Point two: Being idealistic is hard work.

Now, point three: He who does the work learns the most.

I am almost done with my talk and I am sure that a lot of you here wonder what I’m really like in the classroom. No, I don’t give speeches like this all the time.

I teach second year Social Studies, or Araling Panlipunan as you have it here. And for second years, it’s Asian Studies. I teach the subject because it’s the one I enjoy the most. I can work my way around the history of China, India, and the Middle East faster than I would go through European and American. It helps that I love Asian food, movies, philosophy and culture as well, and that I’ve travelled to many of the countries I talk about in class helps a lot in making the course as interesting as I can.

At the beginning of every year, I issue a stern warning: I am here not to teach you how to take a test. I am here to teach you how to think.

And I’m tough. I divide the school year into two: the first half (the first two quarters) doesn’t differ much from a traditional history class. There’s a lot of reading. Quizzes every day. Objective type questions. They memorize but it doesn’t really matter. Just when they think they got the hang of what items I tend to ask, I throw in an all-essay quiz that messes with their minds. I avoid Facebook and blogs during the first two quarters. It’s not that I get negatively affected when I read “I hate that Sir Martin’s quizzes are so blaaaarrrrghhh.” It’s more that I don’t want to develop compassion. They fail a lot but for some reason, they keep on trying.

Perhaps it’s because I promise them a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. I constantly remind them that things get drastically different in the second half of the year, and that if they don’t develop the ethic of reading and studying social studies now, they’ll have a hard time later. When my students fail, I just smile. And I actually ask them to trust me.

Because in the second half, I hardly lecture. There are hardly any quizzes. Essay questions are now the norm. Recently, we’ve concluded our mock trials on Imperialism. Instead of me talking about how the West came to Asia and drastically affected our societies, I make them come to that conclusion (or other conclusions) on their own. A class of thirty is divided into six teams, and two teams face against each other in a randomly assigned topic such as the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the 100 Days of Reform in China, and the Meiji Restoration in Japan. Students adopt the role of judges and lawyers, then they derive witnesses from actual historical characters. They then duel over a contentious proposition, and I grade them individually not just on their knowledge of their facts, but on how well they communicate, how confident they are, whether they take initiative, and whether they play nice with others.

This January we’re having a Middle East Summit where they will attempt to solve the conflicts in Israel and Palestine, and in February we’re capping off the year with a Model ASEAN where each student comes in as a delegate from an Asian country.

Suffice to say, all this is very hard work. They put in tons of effort and the results often surprise even me. These activities are structured enough to give them a sense of direction, but loose enough to allow them to improvise, innovate, and experiment. My activities actually improve every year because of something they themselves discover in it.

I realize that I’ve diverted a bit. I apologize if I suddenly became too technical, but I promise there’s a point here. I’ll let you guys in on a secret. This is something that not even my former students have heard from me during a speech in the last day of class. Listen up.

Once, I was asked by a fellow teacher if I’m asking the impossible from my students. Trials? Summits? Conferences? A little too much, isn’t it?

“Maybe.” I replied. “But I believe in them.”

I believe in them.

He who does the work, learns the most.

This simple mantra I picked up from the one and only education class I ever took in my life. I owe this to Mrs. Vicky Tantoco, an incredibly amazing mentor who predicted (perhaps correctly) that I’ll be teaching for a long time to come. And in my six short years of teaching and working hard, what I learned above all is to believe.

That’s why I work hard; that’s why we teachers endure and hold on to our dreams.

To end, I’d like to tip my hat to everyone here. This has been quite a homecoming for me. I graduated from this school more than ten years ago now. And as I carry on with my work, there is no doubt where some of my most fundamental notions have come from – never settling for mediocrity, always aspiring for something more, and devoting your life to a cause higher than yourself. In these walls we call it The Ateneo Way. Ten years since, I just call it the story of my life.

Newsflash! SS2 exam results…

…will not come out until December 30 at the earliest. :)

Just like everyone, I’ll be enjoying our Christmas vacation once tomorrow is done. I’ll just have a few non-SS2 work in PSHS to accomplish before the 15th, and then all is done for me.

I plan to check the exams after Christmas and before New Year. That’s when I usually do it and usually have the grades ready before the 1st, just in time for you to make “Get an 1.00 in SocSci” as part of your New Year’s Resolutions. ;)

I have scanned through some exams already and I am generally very impressed so far. On average, the submissions this year are thicker than last year. Have much more to say? Let’s see if that will be a good thing. :)

Some are asking for teasers for SS2 in the 4th quarter. All I can say is that we’ll have two big activities: the Middle East Peace Summit in January, and the Model ASEAN in February.

January will be subtitled The Revenge as I will most likely put those who lost in the mock trials in the key positions for the Middle East Peace Summit. This will definitely make an interesting dynamic. :)

And for what countries are part, here they are: USA, Israel, USSR, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, and the Palestinian Liberation Organization.

More soon.

Expect the next update here around the time I release the perio scores and 3rd quarter grades. In the meantime, I’ll be blogging more in Facebook (via Notes) or perhaps even my personal blog I haven’t touched in ages.

Until then! May you have an excellently mind-blasting holiday season!

Notes on preparing for the all-essay SS2 exam

Alright, listen up. Here are some things I can tell you about the exam.

  1. As you know now, you must bring the primary sources during the test. But if you plan to just read them during the exam, I can guarantee that you’ll fail.
  2. The best way to prepare is to try answering the questions on the front page of the reader. Those questions are very similar to what will be asked in the exam. Once you have your own answers, I strongly recommend discussing them with friends. I am certain you’ll learn from each other.
  3. The exam is a very different kind of essay test. It can be as easy or difficult, as short or as long as you want it to be. You are free to choose whichever item you want to answer. The only thing you should consider is that each question has a point credit (PC), and that you are required to accumulate 4 PCs (for most), 3 (for mock trial winners) and 3.5 (for judges). Thus, you can answer four questions with one PC each, or two questions with two PCs each to meet 4 (if you need four). It’s up to you. There are many possible combinations.
  4. The more you study and the harder you’ve worked during the mock trials, the wider your options will be. That was our main guiding principle in designing the test. Yes, there are questions which connect the different primary sources and cases.
  5. You can get an A++ in the exam. For bonus credit, answer only 0.5 more than what you’re supposed to answer if you want us to count it. Hence, 4.5 PCs (for most), 3.5 (for mock trial winners), and 4 (for judges).

That’s it. So log off the web now and study. :p

Good luck!

I’d like to hear your post-trial thoughts!

Hey guys!

You continue to amaze me. Even after cancelling the post-trial paper, some insisted to still pass theirs. As a matter of fact, I have a handful right here with me and I’m reading them right now. These people aren’t really doing it for the grade anymore. They just want to tell me how they felt throughout and more importantly, now that it’s done.

So I’m just writing this to say that if there are others there who feel they have to vent, rant, reflect, or explain, I am very open to your post-trial thoughts. Any format is fine. E-mail or hard copy are equally fine.

While I can’t promise to grade these “papers” you submit, it will at least help me understand you and guide you better in our upcoming activities. All I can promise is that I’ll do my best to reply to you (or if you just want me to listen and not reply anymore, that’s good too). So do e-mail. I don’t have any expectations whatsoever. My time is yours if you’ll take the time to write.

:)

P.S. Anything you write will remain absolutely confidential between you and me. You can count on it.

The Imperialism Debates Day 6: Finale

I am pleased to present the results of this year’s mock trials! In a stunning show, we have seven prosecution teams winning, another seven defendants getting it, and one draw. Talk about right down the middle!

Winning teams will receive a +0.50 bonus to their project grade. As for the draw in Dahlia, neither team is receiving the victory bonus.

Some may wonder about what a mistrial is. I am pleased that the judge has humbly and honorably arrived at this result. In the real world, mistrials occur due to (a) the court having no jurisdiction over the matter, (b) a procedural error particularly in terms of admitting evidence and impeaching witnesses, (c) misconduct by a party, juror, or outside actor, or (d) a hung or deadlocked jury. I’ll leave the participants to surmise which condition they met.

Let’s continue. :)

I am now glad to share the Special Awards I mentioned earlier today. Each one is receiving a +0.25 bonus to each award they receive!

Click the image to zoom in!

MY WAY OF SAYING ‘THANK YOU’

I have announced today, consider the Post-Trial Test (LT#1B) cancelled. You have nothing to submit within 24 hours, and you’re all getting a nice fat +0.50 in the post-trial component for the project. Simple as that. Just focus on your exam on Thursday then. (But I’ll still need the verdicts from the judges, the reports from the court reporters, and the picture collages from the photographers. :) )

I’ve cancelled the Post-Trial as my way of saying Thank You! to all the hard work you’ve put in the past two weeks. I saw it and (especially today) felt it. Though some may feel that they could have done better, you deserve this just the same. You guys aren’t trained to do a mock trial. A lot of you have never even debated before. And yet, you all endured just the same. I am incredibly pleased with the over-all quality of work I’ve seen this year and you guys deserve a little break, hence no more LT#1B. You guys never seem to give yourselves enough credit for all the hard work you do in school, so here’s a thank you.

I realize if that my only concern with the Post-Trial Test is for you to process your experience, I can do that in our all-essay exam. (Expect some questions where I’ll ask you to refer to your mock trial.)

And if after I return your LT#1A (now just LT#1) and you feel that you could have used LT#1B to make up for it, then I will give you an additional requirement you can accomplish to make up for your grade. Just ask.

I hope to release the mock trial grades by Wednesday evening or Thursday morning at the latest. For sure, you’ll know how you did before you take the SS2 exam.

Good luck to all on Thursday! Study hard!

A quick note on the SS2 perio

To all sections –

The 3rd quarter SS2 exam will be entirely skill-based. In the process of preparing and executing the mock trials, you have done the following:

  • worked with primary sources and historical analyses
  • reconstructed events and historical persons
  • developed arguments using historical information and data

The exam will be a follow-up on this. It is going to be an all essay, open text exam that will test you on the three skills above.

All sections are required to bring yellow pad for the exam.

The primary sources you’ll need to read are now here.

To help you prepare, we strongly recommend that you review this quarter’s lectures on imperialism as they will provide you the basic context of what you will be writing about.

Good luck!

Sir Martin and Sir Carpon